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Onyx (interception system)
Onyx is a Swiss intelligence gathering system maintained by the Federal Intelligence Service - Nachrichtendienst des Bundes (NDB). The costs of the system are not public, but the amount of 100 million Swiss francs has been mentioned several times,〔Valérie de Graffenried, ''(Onyx et ses «grandes oreilles» )''. ''Le Temps'', 9 January 2006 〕 in particular in 2000 by Werner Marti, SP deputy to the National Council of Switzerland. In March 2005, journalist Urs Paul Engeler estimated that the costs (hidden in various military construction budgets) reached 400 million CHF.〔Urs Paul Engeler, ''(Was sagen Sie jetzt? )''. ''Weltwoche'' 10/05, March 2005 〕 The Onyx system was launched in 2000, originally under the name SATOS-3 (the SATOS 1 and 2 systems were started in 1992, in particular to intercept faxes), and was completed in late 2005.
==Purpose==
The goal of the system is to monitor both civil and military communications, such as telephone, fax or Internet traffic, carried by satellite. Onyx uses lists of keywords to filter the intercepted content for information of interest, and the choice of keywords by the intelligence community must be approved by an independent commission. The system is not supposed to monitor internal communications; however, the monitoring of a communication between a person in Switzerland and someone in another country is allowed.〔(Système d'interception des communications par satellite du Départment fédéral de la défense, de la protection de la population et des sports (projet "Onyx") ). Report from the National Council (Parliament) on Onyx, 10 November 2003 〕 The Swiss Federal Council has indicated that Onyx is not linked to other foreign systems such as ECHELON; according to the Council, the confusion and rumours about this issue are due to the sale by Swisscom to Verestar (now SES Americom) of the ground satellite communication station of Leuk (next to the Onyx site) in 2000.〔''(Espionnage économique sur le territoire suisse au profit des Etats-Unis )'' Answer by the Swiss Federal Council to a question of Alexander Baumann, member of the National Council. 20 August 2003 〕 The use of the system is controlled by an independent control authority composed of members of the federal administration.〔Swiss Federal Department of Defense. (Projet ONYX réalisé : la Délégation des Commissions de gestion et l’Autorité de contrôle indépendante contrôlent sa conformité au droit ). 6 September 2007 .〕
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